McDonald Criteria
McDonald Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis (2017 / 2024 Revisions)
マクドナルド診断基準（多発性硬化症 国際診断基準：2017年 / 2024年改訂）
1. Biological & Technical Mechanism
The McDonald Criteria establish the international standard for diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis by demonstrating Dissemination in Space (DIS) and Dissemination in Time (DIT) while excluding alternative diagnoses. The 2017 and landmark 2024 revisions expand the anatomical topography to five CNS regions—periventricular, cortical/juxtacortical, infratentorial, spinal cord, and the optic nerve (assessed via MRI, OCT, or VEP)—and incorporate CSF-restricted oligoclonal bands (OCB) or kappa free light chains (κFLC), the Central Vein Sign (CVS), and Paramagnetic Rim Lesions (PRLs) to enable earlier, highly specific biological diagnosis including in selected Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS) cohorts.
マクドナルド診断基準（McDonald Criteria）は、臨床発作の履歴に加え、MRIおよび髄液・神経生理検査を組み合わせることで、多発性硬化症の早期かつ正確な診断を可能にする国際コンセンサス基準です。2017年改訂では髄液オリゴクローナルバンド（OCB）陽性をもって時間的多発性（DIT）の代替とすることが認められ、さらに最新の2024年改訂では、従来の4領域（脳室周囲、皮質・皮質直下、テント下、脊髄）に**第5の解剖学的領域として「視神経（MRI・OCT・視覚誘発電位で評価）」**が追加されたほか、中心静脈サイン（CVS）、常磁性リム病変（PRL）、髄液κ遊離軽鎖（κFLC）が組み込まれました。
2. Open Science & Clinical Trial Significance
When harmonizing multi-year MS open datasets or OMOP CDM registries, researchers must account for shifts between Poser, McDonald 2010, 2017, and 2024 criteria definitions of CIS and early RRMS.
長期の縦断コホートやMSDAレジストリデータを二次解析する際、登録年代によって適用された診断基準（2010年版・2017年版・2024年版）が異なることでCIS（臨床的孤発症候群）とRRMSの境界が変化する「Will Rogers現象（診断基準変更による見かけ上の予後変化）」に留意する必要があります。
Related Neuroscience Terms & Standards
Standard 0.0–10.0 ordinal clinical rating scale quantifying neurological disability across 8 functional systems and ambulation capacity in Multiple Sclerosis.
MRI finding showing a small thin vein running centrally through a white matter hyperintense lesion on T2*-weighted / FLAIR* imaging, reflecting the perivenular pathology of Multiple Sclerosis.
Chronic white matter MS lesions bordered by a dense rim of iron-laden, proinflammatory activated microglia/macrophages, visible on T2* phase MRI, SWI, and QSM.
High-resolution near-infrared interferometric imaging of unmyelinated retinal axons (pRNFL) and ganglion cell neurons (GCIPL), serving as a non-invasive 'window into CNS neurodegeneration' in MS.
Open-community clinical data standard that transforms heterogeneous hospital EHR and disease registry databases into a unified relational schema and standardized vocabulary for federated analytics.
Open Datasets & Research Publications Related to McDonald Criteria
MSDA: COVID19 GDSI LocalDashboard - Federated MS Data Toolkit
Official open-source repository and tool for Multiple Sclerosis federated research and data harmonization under MS-DATA-ALLIANCE.
Global Data Sharing Initiative (GDSI): Containerized Federated Analysis Pipeline for MS Registries
International federated research initiative and containerized query framework allowing participating national MS registries to analyze disease-modifying therapy (DMT) safety, anti-CD20 outcomes, and PIRA progression without transferring identifiable patient data.
CNM-Au8 Treatment Is Associated With Reduced Chronic Lesion Tissue Expansion in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
BackgroundCNM-Au8, a catalytic nanocrystalline gold suspension, is proposed to support neuronal bioenergetics, but its effect on chronic lesion evolution in multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been reported. ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of CNM-Au8 on chronic lesion tissue expansion (CLTE). Results...
Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Factors in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review
Research article from Europe PMC.
MSDA Core Dataset (CDS): Standardized Global Real-World Data Harmonization Framework for Multiple Sclerosis
The MSDA Core Dataset (CDS) establishes a 44-variable international harmonization schema mapped to the OMOP Common Data Model, enabling privacy-preserving federated analytics across global Multiple Sclerosis registries.
MSDA Global Registry & Cohort Metadata Discovery Catalogue (BigMS Network)
A centralized metadata discovery catalogue indexing over 30 national and international MS registries (>120,000 patients), detailing variable availability for EDSS, relapse history, MRI, fluid biomarkers, and DUA governance.
Disclaimer: This encyclopedia entry is intended for academic neuroscience research and data science reference only, and does not constitute medical advice.