BIDS
Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS Specification)
BIDS規格（脳画像・神経生理データ構造化国際標準）
1. Biological & Technical Mechanism
The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) solves the reproducibility crisis in neuroimaging by enforcing a human- and machine-readable directory layout (sub-<label>/ses-<label>/anat|func|dwi|pet|eeg), standardized NIfTI/EDF/BrainVision file naming key-value pairs, and sidecar JSON metadata files alongside tabular phenotype files (participants.tsv). Automated validation via the BIDS-Validator guarantees compatibility with BIDS-Apps such as fMRIPrep, QSIPrep, and MRIQC.
BIDS（Brain Imaging Data Structure）は、研究室ごとに異なっていた脳画像・脳波データのフォルダ階層やファイル名を人間にもプログラムにも理解しやすい統一規則（sub-01/ses-01/anat, func, pet, eeg 等）に標準化するコミュニティ規格です。撮像条件を記述するJSONサイドカーファイルと被験者属性表（participants.tsv）を必須化することで、BIDS-Validatorによる自動検証や fMRIPrep 等のコンテナパイプラインによる完全自動前処理を実現します。
2. Open Science & Clinical Trial Significance
Every dataset hosted on OpenNeuro conforms to BIDS, enabling seamless multi-cohort aggregation and zero-friction secondary analysis in Python (PyBIDS, Nilearn, MNE-BIDS).
OpenNeuroで公開されているすべてのデータセットはBIDS規格に準拠しており、PyBIDS、Nilearn、MNE-BIDS等のPythonライブラリを用いてコード数行でコホート横断的な二次解析を開始できます。
Related Neuroscience Terms & Standards
Non-invasive neuroimaging modality measuring blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) hemodynamic signals to map brain network activity and functional connectivity.
Molecular neuroimaging technique using radiolabeled tracers to quantify in vivo protein pathology (amyloid plaques, tau tangles), glucose metabolism, or synaptic density.
MRI technique measuring anisotropic water diffusion along white matter tracts to quantify axonal integrity, demyelination, and structural connectomes.
High-temporal-resolution recording of postsynaptic cortical electrical potentials and neural oscillations (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma bands).
Open Datasets & Research Publications Related to BIDS
OpenNeuro ds004504: Multimodal MRI & PET Repository for Early Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment (BIDS)
An exceptional multimodal neuroimaging repository providing 3T structural MRI, resting-state fMRI, and [18F]Florbetapir Amyloid-PET scans from 180 subjects formatted strictly to BIDS standard. This open dataset serves as a benchmark resource for deep learning and diagnostic biomarker discovery in early Alzheimer's and MCI.
OpenNeuro ds003505: Dopaminergic Striato-Cortical Circuit Connectivity in Parkinson’s Disease during Motor Execution
This open-access 3T fMRI dataset evaluates striato-cortical circuit connectivity across 72 Parkinsonian patients and controls under levodopa ON vs. OFF states. Complete with behavioral logs, it offers foundational data for modeling dopaminergic network dynamics in motor execution.
OpenNeuro ds008898: sample dataset for odor- and speech-evoked fMRI experiment at 7 Tesla
BIDS neuroimaging dataset containing MRI scans from 1 Subjects. Freely available for computational neuroscience.
OpenNeuro ds008896: Preprocessed EEG data in CLN3 disease and NIH healthy volunteers
BIDS neuroimaging dataset containing EEG scans from 95 Subjects. Freely available for computational neuroscience.
OpenNeuro ds008851: EEG Data for Emotion Recognition: Alcohol Cue-Reactivity Dataset (Alcohol Dependence vs Healthy Controls)
BIDS neuroimaging dataset containing EEG scans from 60 Subjects. Freely available for computational neuroscience.
OpenNeuro ds008948: Grid-like coding of affective space
BIDS neuroimaging dataset containing MRI scans from 19 Subjects. Freely available for computational neuroscience.
Disclaimer: This encyclopedia entry is intended for academic neuroscience research and data science reference only, and does not constitute medical advice.