EEG
Electroencephalography & Intracranial EEG (EEG / iEEG / LFP)
脳波・頭蓋内脳波・局所場電位計測（EEG / iEEG / LFP）
1. Biological & Technical Mechanism
Electroencephalography (EEG), scalp high-density EEG, and intracranial Local Field Potentials (LFP) capture macroscopic voltage fluctuations generated by synchronized postsynaptic currents in cortical pyramidal neurons. Offering millisecond temporal precision, EEG quantifies spectral power shifts (e.g., alpha slowing in dementia, pathological beta bursts in Parkinsonian basal ganglia), phase-amplitude coupling, and event-related potentials (ERPs).
脳波（EEG）および頭蓋内局所場電位（LFP）は、大脳皮質錐体細胞の同期したシナプス後電位によって生じる電場変動をミリ秒単位の時間分解能で計測する手法です。認知症における背景脳波の徐波化（シータ・デルタ帯域増加とアルファ帯域低下）、パーキンソン病の視床下核・大脳基底核における病的ベータ帯域（13〜30Hz）同期振動、睡眠紡錘波や事象関連電位（ERP）の定量解析に不可欠です。
2. Open Science & Clinical Trial Significance
Standardized via BIDS-EEG / BIDS-iEEG and analyzed with MNE-Python, open EEG datasets enable cross-cohort validation of neurophysiological biomarkers and closed-loop deep brain stimulation (aDBS) algorithms.
BIDS-EEG規格およびNWB規格によって標準化されたオープンデータがOpenNeuroやDANDIで多数公開されており、MNE-Pythonを用いた時間周波数解析や、パーキンソン病の適応型脳深部刺激療法（aDBS）のアルゴリズム開発に利用されています。
Related Neuroscience Terms & Standards
Non-invasive neuroimaging modality measuring blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) hemodynamic signals to map brain network activity and functional connectivity.
Unified data standard for cellular neurophysiology, packaging intracellular/extracellular recordings, optical physiology, and behavior into HDF5/Zarr files.
Community ISO-aligned standard for organizing and describing neuroimaging (MRI, fMRI, dMRI, PET) and neurophysiological (EEG, MEG, iEEG) datasets.
Multimodal single-cell technique simultaneously capturing intrinsic electrophysiological properties, 3D axonal/dendritic morphology, and full-length transcriptome from the same neuron.
Open Datasets & Research Publications Related to EEG
Spontaneous slow waves index multiple dimensions of recovery in Disorders of Consciousness
Whether and how residual awareness is expressed in patients with Disorders of Consciousness (DoC) depends on the severity of brain damage and the transient functional state of the cortex at assessment. Classically, DoC are associated with electroencephalographic (EEG) slowing, marked by high-amplitu...
OpenNeuro ds008896: Preprocessed EEG data in CLN3 disease and NIH healthy volunteers
BIDS neuroimaging dataset containing EEG scans from 95 Subjects. Freely available for computational neuroscience.
Not All Entropy Is Equal: Why Representation Matters for Biological Interpretation in Dementia EEG
ObjectiveTo examine what a dementia-associated electroencephalography (EEG) entropy difference permits us to infer about brain dynamics by testing its dependence on permutation-entropy (PE) representation. MethodsFour PE settings represented identical alpha-band data from 1,177 CAUEEG recordings. N...
EEG Biomarkers for ATN Classification in Early Alzheimer's disease
Structured AbstractO_ST_ABSINTRODUCTIONC_ST_ABSEarly detection of Alzheimers disease (AD) remains challenging, particularly at preclinical and prodromal stages of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a scalable, non-invasive tool...
OpenNeuro ds008851: EEG Data for Emotion Recognition: Alcohol Cue-Reactivity Dataset (Alcohol Dependence vs Healthy Controls)
BIDS neuroimaging dataset containing EEG scans from 60 Subjects. Freely available for computational neuroscience.
OpenNeuro ds008940: Dietary identity and the neural categorization of food images: an open EEG dataset with Food-pics stimuli
BIDS neuroimaging dataset containing EEG scans from 77 Subjects. Freely available for computational neuroscience.
Disclaimer: This encyclopedia entry is intended for academic neuroscience research and data science reference only, and does not constitute medical advice.