NWB
Neurodata Without Borders (NWB v2.x Neurophysiology Standard)
NWB規格（Neurodata Without Borders：神経生理・光学イメージング標準フォーマット）
1. Biological & Technical Mechanism
Supported by the NIH BRAIN Initiative, Neurodata Without Borders (NWB) defines a hierarchical schema built on HDF5 and Zarr storage backends. An NWB file encapsulates raw voltage series (ElectricalSeries), spike-sorted single units (Units table), intracellular Patch-clamp sweeps, two-photon imaging planes, stimulus templates, and animal/human subject metadata within a single self-documenting file readable via PyNWB and MatNWB.
米国NIH BRAIN Initiativeの主導で策定された NWB（Neurodata Without Borders）は、多様な神経生理学実験データ（Neuropixels等の多点細胞外記録、ホールセル・パッチクランプ記録、カルシウムイメージング、行動タイムスタンプ）を単一の自己記述型ファイル（HDF5またはZarr形式）にパッケージングするデータ規格です。PyNWBやMatNWBを通じて言語を問わず同一APIでデータへアクセスでき、クラウド上でのストリーミング解析（remfile/fsspec）にも対応しています。
2. Open Science & Clinical Trial Significance
The DANDI Archive serves as the primary cloud repository for NWB datasets, hosting数百TB of cellular and systems neuroscience recordings.
DANDI Archiveに収録されているすべての神経生理データセットはNWB規格で統一されており、SpikeInterfaceやIPFXなどのオープンソース解析ツールと直結しています。
Related Neuroscience Terms & Standards
Multimodal single-cell technique simultaneously capturing intrinsic electrophysiological properties, 3D axonal/dendritic morphology, and full-length transcriptome from the same neuron.
High-temporal-resolution recording of postsynaptic cortical electrical potentials and neural oscillations (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma bands).
Community ISO-aligned standard for organizing and describing neuroimaging (MRI, fMRI, dMRI, PET) and neurophysiological (EEG, MEG, iEEG) datasets.
Open Datasets & Research Publications Related to NWB
Dandiset 000108: Single-Cell Patch-seq Electrophysiology and Morphometry of Human Neocortical Neurons
Over 1,200 human surgical neocortical pyramidal neurons and interneurons characterized simultaneously with patch-clamp electrophysiology, fluorescent morphological reconstruction, and single-cell RNA sequencing in NWB 2.0 format.
Dandiset 000026: Subthalamic Nucleus Local Field Potentials (LFP) and Beta-Band Dynamics in Parkinson’s Patients
High-density intraoperative and chronically implanted deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode recordings during motor resting and movement states from 34 patients with idiopathic PD.
Dandiset 002027: Behavioral Fever and Compound 3 20-30 C
BRAIN Initiative neurophysiology dataset deposited to DANDI Archive.
Dandiset 002030: One-photon calcium imaging of dorsal CA1 with synchronized behaviour in mice freely exploring a circular open field
BRAIN Initiative neurophysiology dataset deposited to DANDI Archive.
Dandiset 001537: Capillaries susceptible to frequent stall dynamics revealed by comparing OCT and Bessel-2PM measurements
BRAIN Initiative neurophysiology dataset deposited to DANDI Archive.
Dandiset 001475: NHP patch-seq
BRAIN Initiative neurophysiology dataset deposited to DANDI Archive.
Disclaimer: This encyclopedia entry is intended for academic neuroscience research and data science reference only, and does not constitute medical advice.